March 29, 2024

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Combining Two Nobel Prize-Profitable Procedures: A New Microchip Engineering

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Trampoline Shaped Sensor With Overtone Vibrations

Artist’s impact of the trampoline-shaped sensor. The laser beam that passes by way of the middle of the trampoline membrane creating the overtone vibrations inside the material. Credit rating: Sciencebrush

Physicists at Delft University of Know-how have produced a microchip working with a special combination of two Nobel Prize-successful strategies, optical trapping and frequency combs. This new microchip, which is basic and small-electrical power, makes use of audio vibrations to measure distances with significant precision in opaque products, with likely programs in underwater exploration, clinical imaging, and climate checking.

Physicists at Delft University of Know-how have developed a new technologies on a microchip by combining two Nobel Prize-successful approaches for the very first time. The microchip is capable of precisely measuring distances in elements, which could have apps in parts these types of as underwater measurement and clinical imaging.

The new engineering, which makes use of audio vibrations alternatively of light-weight, could be helpful for obtaining higher-precision position measurements in components that are opaque. This breakthrough could end result in the development of new procedures for checking the Earth’s weather and human well being. The results have been revealed in the journal Simple and low-power technology

The microchip mainly consists of a thin ceramic sheet that is shaped like a trampoline. This trampoline is patterned with holes to enhance its interaction with lasers and has a thickness about 1000 times smaller than the thickness of a hair. As a former Ph.D. candidate in Richard Norte’s lab, Matthijs de Jong studied the small trampolines to figure out what would happen if they pointed a simple laser beam at them. The trampoline’s surface started vibrating intensely. By measuring the reflected laser light from the vibrating surface, the team noticed a pattern of vibrations in the shape of a comb that they hadn’t seen before. They realized that the trampoline’s comb-like signature functions as a ruler for precision measurements of distance.

This new technology could be used to measure positions in materials using sound waves. What makes it special is that it doesn’t need any precision hardware and is therefore easy to produce. “It only requires inserting a laser, and nothing else. There’s no need for complex feedback loops or for tuning certain parameters to get our tech to operate properly. This makes it a very simple and low-power technology, that is much easier to miniaturize on a microchip”, Norte says. “Once this happens, we could really put these microchip sensors anywhere, given their small size.”

Unique combination

The new technology is based on two unrelated Nobel Prize-winning techniques, called optical trapping and frequency combs. Norte: “The interesting thing is that both of these concepts are typically related to light, but these fields do not have any real overlap. We have uniquely combined them to create an easy-to-use microchip technology based on sound waves. This ease of use could have significant implications for how we measure the world around us.”

Overtones

When the researchers pointed a laser beam at the tiny trampoline, they realized that the forces that the laser exerted on it were creating overtone vibrations in the trampoline membranes. “These forces are called an optical trap, because they can trap particles in one spot using light. This technique won the Nobel Prize in 2018 and it allows us to manipulate even the smallest particles with extreme precision,” Norte explains. “You can compare the overtones in the trampoline to particular notes of a violin. The note or frequency that the violin produces depends on where you place your finger on the string. If you touch the string only very lightly and play it with a bow, you can create overtones; a series of notes at higher frequencies. In our case, the laser acts as both the soft touch and the bow to induce overtone vibrations in the trampoline membrane.”

Bridging two breakthrough fields

“Optical frequency combs are used in labs around the world for very precise measurements of time, and to measure distances,” Norte says. “They are so important to measurements in general that their invention was given a Nobel Prize in 2005. We have made an acoustic version of a frequency comb, made out of sound vibrations in the membrane instead of light. Acoustic frequency combs could for instance make position measurements in opaque materials, through which vibrations can propagate better than light waves. This technology could for example be used for precision measurements underwater to monitor the Earth’s climate, for medical imaging, and for applications in quantum technologies.”

Reference: “Mechanical overtone frequency combs” by Matthijs H. J. de Jong, Adarsh Ganesan, Andrea Cupertino, Simon Gröblacher and Richard A. Norte, 16 March 2023, Nature Communications.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36953-8